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Cryptography is the study of data security through Encryption technique, which describe the encryption process and techniques used. A cipher is an algorithm which is used to encrypt or decrypt the data. Plain text is converted in cipher text with help of this. The transforming process is performed using a key. This key is like a pattern to encrypt the data. If we wanted to decrypt the data then we need to reverse the process. Example: Consider A is represented as D, and B is represented as E, it means all alphabets are replaced with the third subsequent alphabet. Then Apple will be written as: A = D P = S P = S L = 0 E = H So, apple in plain text before encryption is APPLE . This idea or algorithm to replace the alphabet with third subsequent alphabet is known as Cipher. The third subsequent letter is used to encrypt the data, this secret is considered as a key. If we want to use this above-mentioned cipher then we must know the rules and the key. Types of Ciphers in Cr