A Database is a very complex mechanism to handle and control a large amount of data. As we all know the overall design of the database is known as database schema which is further divided into three categories as given below: Physical schema Logical schema View schema The database or relational schema looks quite simpler and effective from the top but as we go to the bottom, we find a massive collection of data. A database has to face so many problems which we may call anomalies. An anomaly is like an unwanted situation, which may impact the integrity or consistency of a database. Anomalies a database may face are listed as given below: Redundancy Update Anomalies Insertion Anomalies Deletion Anomalies SID Name (Not Null) Subject (Not Null) Mobile 1 Raj English 65468154 2 Jyoti Home science 87668545 3 Vikash Maths 26865948 1 Raj Maths Null 3 Vikash Science Null Redundancy Duplicate data storage in a database is called redundancy.
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